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Another incident saw more than 60,000 salmon killed by hydrogen peroxide being used to treat them for amoebic gill disease at Marine Harvest’s fish farm in Soay Sound, off the Isle of Harris, in September.
The deaths led to thousands of salmon carcasses being transported by lorry from the affected farms to incinerator plants near Wigan for destruction.
The campaign group Global Alliance Against Industrial Aquaculture (GAAIA), which obtained the government memos revealing the deaths, called for those responsible to be prosecuted.
Don Staniford, director of GAAIA, said: “Serious questions must now be asked how thousands of farmed salmon became overheated, suffocated or even boiled alive by the Thermolicer.”
Marine Harvests has contracts to supply fresh and smoke salmon to several supermarket giants, including Sainsbury’s and Tesco.
The revelations come just a month after the Prince of Wales visited one of Marine Harvest’s farms, at Loch Leven, which houses more than 550,000 salmon.
Following the visit, palace officials praised Loch Leven farm for its sustainable practices which they said “set the benchmark for the Scottish fishing industry”.